LINGUISTIC TECHNIQUES OF EXTENSION WORKERS: FACILITATING AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION AMONG FARMERS IN POST-CONFLICT BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Agricultural extension services serve as critical mechanisms for knowledge transfer and innovation dissemination in post-conflict reconstruction efforts. However, the specific linguistic strategies employed by extension agents to facilitate effective communication in conflict-affected contexts remain insufficiently explored. This study sets out to investigate the linguistic techniques employed by agricultural extension workers and to evaluate their effectiveness in promoting the adoption of agricultural innovations among farmers in Borno State - Nigeria, a region recovering from a protracted insurgency. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected across six Local Government Areas through structured surveys with 100 farmers, semi-structured interviews with 30 extension workers, six focus group discussions, and 45 direct field observations. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, while quantitative data underwent descriptive, correlational, and regression analyses using SPSS. Findings reveal that linguistic adaptability (including code-switching, the use of culturally embedded metaphors, participatory narratives, and trust-enhancing rhetorical patterns) significantly enhances farmers’ comprehension and engagement. Statistical analysis further confirms that language understanding, communication effectiveness, and trust are key predictors of innovation adoption. The study underscores the importance of linguistically and culturally responsive communication in strengthening agricultural extension outcomes in fragile post-conflict settings and provides policy-relevant insights for improving extension training and program design.